The German Shepherd is a large herding breed originating from Germany, known for being confident, courageous, and smart. Weighing 22–40kg and standing 55–65cm at the shoulder, they typically live 9–13 years. German Shepherds require very high daily exercise and moderate grooming to maintain their dense double coat. They are well-regarded as a family breed and typically patient with children. Due to their large build and very high energy levels, they generally thrive with access to outdoor space.
Herding
Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn't develop properly, causing the ball and socket to not fit together correctly. This leads to joint deterioration, pain, and arthritis over time.
Typical onset: 1-2 years
Elbow dysplasia is an umbrella term covering several developmental abnormalities of the elbow joint including fragmented coronoid process, osteochondritis dissecans, and ununited anconeal process. It causes foreleg lameness and arthritis.
Typical onset: 4-18 months
DM is a progressive, non-painful spinal cord disease caused by a mutation in the SOD1 gene. It begins with hind limb weakness and ataxia, progressing to complete paralysis and eventually fore limb involvement. It is analogous to ALS in humans.
Typical onset: 8-14 years
EPI results from destruction of the exocrine pancreatic cells, leading to failure to produce digestive enzymes. Food passes through undigested, causing malabsorption, weight loss, and coprophagia. It is treatable but lifelong.
Typical onset: 1-5 years
Nutrition is a cornerstone of German Shepherd health. An adult German Shepherd weighing 22–40kg typically requires 1650–2050 kcal of high-quality food per day, split across two meals to support consistent energy levels and healthy digestion. Their high energy output means German Shepherds need a calorie-dense diet — look for a working- or active-dog formula with at least 25% protein content. Feeding from an elevated bowl and avoiding vigorous exercise directly after meals can help reduce the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat), which large breeds are predisposed to. Always adjust portions based on your dog's individual weight, life stage, and activity level, and consult your vet before making significant dietary changes.
Full German Shepherd Feeding GuideThe German Shepherd has very high exercise requirements. Plan for at least 2 hours of running, fetch, agility, or off-lead trail walking every day to keep your German Shepherd physically healthy and mentally settled. German Shepherds are highly intelligent and benefit considerably from mental stimulation alongside physical exercise — training games, scent work, and puzzle feeders can all help prevent boredom-related behaviours. Access to a securely fenced garden is strongly recommended; German Shepherds do not thrive when confined without adequate outdoor access.
Full German Shepherd Exercise GuideA premium dry food formulated for large herding breeds. High protein content supports muscle maintenance, and the kibble size is appropriate for the German Shepherd's jaw.
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Large breeds like the German Shepherd are prone to joint conditions. This supplement contains glucosamine and chondroitin to support cartilage health.
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Everything you need to maintain a German Shepherd's medium double coat. Includes a deshedding brush, slicker, and nail clippers sized for a large dog.
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A sturdy crate sized for a large dog (22–40 kg). Suitable for training, travel, and providing a safe den space for your German Shepherd.
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The average lifespan of a German Shepherd is 9–13 years. Longevity is influenced by genetics, diet, weight management, and the presence of hereditary conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups, appropriate exercise, and a balanced diet all contribute to a longer, healthier life.
An adult German Shepherd typically weighs 22–40kg and stands 55–65cm at the shoulder. They are classified as a large breed. Males tend to be at the upper end of these ranges, while females are usually slightly smaller.
German Shepherds have very high exercise requirements. Aim for at least 2 hours of vigorous activity such as running, off-lead fetch, or agility each day. Without adequate exercise, German Shepherds may develop boredom-related behaviours.
German Shepherds are moderate when it comes to coat care. Their coat sheds very heavyly, particularly during seasonal coat changes, and requires brushing several times a week to manage loose hair. Professional grooming every 6–12 weeks is advisable for longer or wire-coated breeds.
Like all pedigree breeds, the German Shepherd has a number of associated health concerns. The most commonly documented include Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, Degenerative Myelopathy (DM), and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI). Responsible breeders screen for these conditions, and prospective owners should request health certificates. Pet insurance that covers hereditary conditions is strongly recommended.
Yes — the German Shepherd is generally a good family dog and tends to be patient and gentle with children. As with any breed, early socialisation and teaching children how to interact respectfully with dogs is important.
The German Shepherd is exceptionally easy to train. They respond well to positive reinforcement and can master a wide range of commands and tasks. Consistency and reward-based methods work best.
The German Shepherd is best suited to a home with outdoor space. Their large size and very high energy levels mean apartment living without a garden is generally not recommended.
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