Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a high-severity urinary condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Acute kidney injury is sudden onset loss of renal function due to toxins (grapes, raisins, NSAIDs, lily ingestion, ethylene glycol), infections (leptospirosis), or ischaemia. Unlike CKD, recovery is possible if treated rapidly. It is documented across 1 breed, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at Any age. Early signs to watch for include sudden vomiting, reduced or absent urination, lethargy, and loss of appetite. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £2,000-£8,000 depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.

Signs & Symptoms

The following symptoms are commonly associated with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.

• Sudden vomiting
• Reduced or absent urination
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Uraemic breath
• Swollen painful kidneys on palpation

Treatment Overview

Emergency IV fluid diuresis, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, anti-nausea drugs, and renal diet. Dialysis may be needed in refractory cases. Identify and eliminate the underlying cause.

Typical onset: Any age

Prevention & Screening

While not all cases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:

• Keep grapes, raisins, and toxic plants away from dogs
• Dose NSAIDs carefully and avoid in dehydrated dogs
• Vaccinate against leptospirosis