Cystinuria in Dogs
Cystinuria is a medium-severity urinary condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Cystinuria is an inherited defect in renal tubular transport of cystine and related amino acids, leading to cystine crystal and stone formation in the urinary tract. It predominantly affects males, who are more prone to urethral obstruction. It is documented across 5 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at 1-8 years. Early signs to watch for include straining to urinate, blood in urine, urethral obstruction, and recurrent urinary tract infections. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £1,000-£3,500 depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. Cystinuria has a hereditary component, so health-screening certificates from the breeder are strongly recommended for predisposed breeds. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.
Signs & Symptoms
The following symptoms are commonly associated with Cystinuria in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.
- Straining to urinate
- Blood in urine
- Urethral obstruction
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Inability to urinate (emergency)
Treatment Overview
Dissolution with D-penicillamine, tiopronin, or dietary management (low-protein, alkalinising diets) can dissolve some cystine stones. Surgical cystotomy for stones that cannot be dissolved. Lifelong prevention diet is needed.
Typical onset: 1-8 years
Prevention & Screening
While not all cases of Cystinuria can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:
- DNA test available for Newfoundland and Labrador forms
- Do not breed affected dogs
- High water intake and alkalinising diet
Estimated Treatment Cost
Treatment for Cystinuria is estimated at £1,000-£3,500, depending on severity, the specific intervention required, and your location. Costs may be higher for surgical procedures or ongoing management. Comprehensive pet insurance covering hereditary conditions is strongly recommended.
Breeds Affected by Cystinuria
The following 4 breeds are documented as being susceptible to Cystinuria. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.
Looking for more information? Browse all dog health conditions or explore the health guides for in-depth breed care advice.