Epilepsy in Dogs

Moderate Risk Neurological Hereditary

Epilepsy is a medium-severity neurological condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in dogs, characterised by recurrent seizures. Idiopathic (genetic) epilepsy is the most frequent form in young to middle-aged dogs with no underlying structural brain lesion. It is documented across 6 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at 1-5 years. Early signs to watch for include generalised seizures (paddling, loss of consciousness), focal seizures (facial twitching, fly-biting), post-ictal confusion, and sudden falling. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £500-£2,000/year depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. Epilepsy has a hereditary component, so health-screening certificates from the breeder are strongly recommended for predisposed breeds. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.

Signs & Symptoms

The following symptoms are commonly associated with Epilepsy in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.

Generalised seizures (paddling, loss of consciousness)
Focal seizures (facial twitching, fly-biting)
Post-ictal confusion
Sudden falling
Cluster seizures

Treatment Overview

Anticonvulsant drugs (phenobarbital, potassium bromide, levetiracetam) control seizures in the majority of cases. Treatment is lifelong. Cluster seizures and status epilepticus require emergency treatment.

Typical onset: 1-5 years

Prevention & Screening

While not all cases of Epilepsy can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:

DNA testing available for several breeds
Avoid breeding affected dogs with idiopathic epilepsy

Estimated Treatment Cost

Treatment for Epilepsy is estimated at £500-£2,000/year, depending on severity, the specific intervention required, and your location. Costs may be higher for surgical procedures or ongoing management. Comprehensive pet insurance covering hereditary conditions is strongly recommended.

Breeds Affected by Epilepsy

The following 41 breeds are documented as being susceptible to Epilepsy. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.

Looking for more information? Browse all dog health conditions or explore the health guides for in-depth breed care advice.