Medial Shoulder Instability in Dogs
Medial Shoulder Instability is a medium-severity orthopedic condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Medial shoulder instability (MSI) is the most common cause of forelimb lameness in active and sporting dogs. It results from overuse or acute injury to the medial glenohumeral ligament and subscapularis tendon, causing pain and instability. It is documented across 4 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at 2-8 years. Early signs to watch for include chronic foreleg lameness worse after exercise, pain on shoulder abduction, positive abduction angle test, and muscle wasting. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £1,500-£4,000 depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.
Signs & Symptoms
The following symptoms are commonly associated with Medial Shoulder Instability in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.
- Chronic foreleg lameness worse after exercise
- Pain on shoulder abduction
- Positive abduction angle test
- Muscle wasting
- Reluctance to perform agility or retrieve
Treatment Overview
Conservative management with strict rest, rehabilitation, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections helps many cases. Arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy or medial imbrication surgery is used for refractory cases.
Typical onset: 2-8 years
Prevention & Screening
While not all cases of Medial Shoulder Instability can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:
- Condition and warm up sporting dogs appropriately
- Avoid repetitive high-impact activities in young dogs
- Address shoulder pain early before chronic instability develops
Estimated Treatment Cost
Treatment for Medial Shoulder Instability is estimated at £1,500-£4,000, depending on severity, the specific intervention required, and your location. Costs may be higher for surgical procedures or ongoing management. Comprehensive pet insurance covering this condition is strongly recommended.
Breeds Affected by Medial Shoulder Instability
The following 3 breeds are documented as being susceptible to Medial Shoulder Instability. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.
Looking for more information? Browse all dog health conditions or explore the health guides for in-depth breed care advice.