Oral Melanoma in Dogs
Oral Melanoma is a high-severity cancer condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Oral melanoma is the most common malignant oral tumour in dogs. Despite often appearing as a localised mass, it is highly aggressive and metastasises rapidly to lymph nodes and lungs. Early detection is critical for the best outcome. It is documented across 5 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at 9-11 years. Early signs to watch for include oral mass, loose teeth, facial swelling, and drooling. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £4,000-£12,000 depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.
Signs & Symptoms
The following symptoms are commonly associated with Oral Melanoma in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.
- Oral mass
- Loose teeth
- Facial swelling
- Drooling
- Difficulty eating
- Bad breath
Treatment Overview
Aggressive surgical resection of the primary tumour is the mainstay. A canine melanoma vaccine (Oncept) provides immune stimulation and may extend survival. Radiation therapy is used for non-resectable tumours.
Typical onset: 9-11 years
Prevention & Screening
While not all cases of Oral Melanoma can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:
- Regular dental and oral examinations
- Any new oral mass warrants prompt biopsy
Estimated Treatment Cost
Treatment for Oral Melanoma is estimated at £4,000-£12,000, depending on severity, the specific intervention required, and your location. Costs may be higher for surgical procedures or ongoing management. Comprehensive pet insurance covering this condition is strongly recommended.
Breeds Affected by Oral Melanoma
The following 3 breeds are documented as being susceptible to Oral Melanoma. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.
Looking for more information? Browse all dog health conditions or explore the health guides for in-depth breed care advice.