Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a high-severity neurological condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Canine spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease causing progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. It is analogous to human SMA. Affected puppies deteriorate rapidly. It is documented across 2 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at Under 6 months. Early signs to watch for include progressive muscle weakness from puppyhood, hyporeflexia, muscle atrophy, and trembling. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £500-£2,000 (supportive) depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. Spinal Muscular Atrophy has a hereditary component, so health-screening certificates from the breeder are strongly recommended for predisposed breeds. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.

Signs & Symptoms

The following symptoms are commonly associated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.

• Progressive muscle weakness from puppyhood
• Hyporeflexia
• Muscle atrophy
• Trembling
• Difficulty rising and walking
• Respiratory muscle involvement in late stages

Treatment Overview

There is no cure. Supportive physiotherapy maintains some function and quality of life. Most affected dogs are eventually euthanised as the disease progresses.

Typical onset: Under 6 months

Prevention & Screening

While not all cases of Spinal Muscular Atrophy can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:

• DNA test available for Brittany Spaniel and Maine Coon forms
• Test all breeding stock

Breeds Affected by Spinal Muscular Atrophy

The following 1 breed are documented as being susceptible to Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.

• Cairn Terrier (small)