Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation is a high-severity neurological condition that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. Chiari-like malformation (CM) is a mismatch between the skull and brain size causing compression of the hindbrain. This disrupts cerebrospinal fluid flow and leads to syringomyelia (SM) — fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord. It causes phantom scratching and severe pain. It is documented across 5 breeds, though prevalence and severity can differ significantly between them. It typically becomes apparent at Under 4 years. Early signs to watch for include phantom scratching at neck/shoulder, sensitivity around head and neck, scoliosis, and weakness and ataxia. When treatment is required, costs are estimated at £1,500-£6,000 depending on severity, location, and the specific intervention needed. Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation has a hereditary component, so health-screening certificates from the breeder are strongly recommended for predisposed breeds. This page covers symptoms, treatment options, and preventive steps — along with breed-specific information where available.

Signs & Symptoms

The following symptoms are commonly associated with Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation in dogs. If your dog displays several of these signs, consult your vet promptly — early diagnosis typically leads to better outcomes.

• Phantom scratching at neck/shoulder
• Sensitivity around head and neck
• Scoliosis
• Weakness and ataxia
• Vocalising in pain

Treatment Overview

Medical management with gabapentin, omeprazole, and NSAIDs controls pain and may slow progression. Surgical decompression (foramen magnum decompression) is the only way to address the underlying cause.

Typical onset: Under 4 years

Prevention & Screening

While not all cases of Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation can be prevented, the following steps reduce risk or enable earlier intervention:

• MRI-grade breeding stock (BVA/KC/IKC scheme)
• Do not breed severely affected dogs

Breeds Affected by Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation

The following 4 breeds are documented as being susceptible to Syringomyelia and Chiari-Like Malformation. Click any breed to view breed-specific information about this condition, including prevalence and recommended screening.

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (small)
• Brussels Griffon (small)
• Yorkshire Terrier (small)
• Maltese (small)